さぎしま讃歌 — Part 4¶
Verbatim bilingual transcription from the book's own Japanese and English text files. The English is the book's own translation: faithful for prose, but proper nouns/place-names are machine-mangled and must NOT be trusted for spelling (see _meta/open-questions.md). Japanese is authoritative.
日本語 (original / authoritative)¶
p.32
- 除虫菊の栽培
昭和25年頃、一面に広がる除虫菊畑 向田
除虫菊の栽培
さぎしまでは、除虫菊は換金 作物のうち最も収入になった作物だと云われています。
明治40年(1907)から昭和30年(1955)頃まで作られ、蚤取粉や蚊取り線香の原料として使わ れました。
春先に植えた除虫菊の苗は、 ひと冬を越し翌年の5月から6月にかけ、白い花を咲かせます。 畑一面に咲いた白い花は白銀の花といわれ、収穫時期には島が真っ白い除虫菊の花で、みごとな景観を醸しだしていました。 人々は収穫を目の前にした歓びと白く彩られた除虫菊の花の 美しさを誇ってきました。
収穫は、黄色い花芯がこんもりと盛り上がり、花びらが少ししおれたころ、収穫が始ります。
p.33
輪作のため、株は根こそぎ抜き取ら れ、力と根気が頼りの重労働であったと云われています。
花は、その場で千歯にかけ、天 日で乾燥させるため、収穫を終えると、すぐ次の作業が待っていました。
庭など広い日のあたる場所に むしろを敷き、むらができないよう、花を薄く均等に広げ、日に数回かき混ぜ乾燥させました。
梅雨の時期、注意をはらって乾燥させた花も、出荷時には、品質検査があり、格付けされるため最後まで気のぬけない作業であ ったと云われています。
畑では、続けてサツマイモが植えつけられ、年が明けて春が来ると、また除虫菊の苗が植えられました。
p.34
参考写真 除虫菊の取り入れ
(本頁の写真三葉は、「因島除虫菊の歴史」から転載)
p.35
除虫菊の乾燥作業
万遍に乾燥するように、 除虫菊の花はむしろに薄く広げ、 日に数回かき混ぜ乾燥させた。
p.36
- 麦の収穫
田んぼの少ないさぎしまの人々にとって、麦は換金作物であるとともに 日々の生活に欠かせない食料でした。山頂まで耕された畑地に収穫される麦は、農家の人たちの大変な想いと歓びによって作られてきました。
麦は、11月に入ると種を蒔き、あくる年の6月に刈り取ります。
その間、麦の株張りのために肥料を撒き土寄せをします。
また、グロにしていた「いもづる」や「もば」も撒き肥料にします。
6月、刈り取られた麦は、千歯で扱ぎ穂を離します。
離された穂は、むしろに干され乾燥さ せ、カラサン (殻竿)で打って、麦のヒゲをとります。
そして、目の粗いカズラドオシでふるってトウミにかけます。その後、さらに天日 に干してカマスなどに保存しました。
麦刈り
p.37
千歯で麦の穂をこぐ
麦の乾燥 (天日干し)
English (book's own translation — prose reliable, proper nouns NOT)¶
p.32
- pyrethrum cultivation
Pyrethrum fields spreading all over Mukoda around 1950.
Pyrethrum cultivation
Pyrethrum is said to have been the most profitable cash crop until the 1960s.
It was produced from 1907 to 1955, and was used as a raw material for flea powder and mosquito coils.
Seedlings of pyrethrum planted in the early spring will bloom white flowers from May to June of the following year after passing the winter. The white flowers that bloomed all over the fields were called "silvery white flowers," and during the harvest season, the island was covered with the pure white pyrethrum flowers, creating a magnificent sight. The people of the island have always been proud of the beauty of the white pyrethrum flowers and the joy of the harvest.
Harvesting begins when the yellow core rises and the petals wilt slightly.
p.33
The plants were pulled out by the roots for crop rotation, which is said to have been hard labor that depended on strength and perseverance.
The flowers were then dried in the sun, and the next task awaited as soon as the harvest was complete.
The flowers were spread thinly and evenly over a large sunny area, such as a garden, and stirred several times a day to dry them.
The flowers were carefully dried during the rainy season, but when they were shipped, they were inspected for quality and graded, so it is said that this was a process that required constant attention right up to the very end.
In the fields, sweet potatoes were planted, and when spring came, pyrethrum seedlings were planted again.
p.34
Reference photo: Incorporation of pyrethrum
(The three photos on this page are reproduced from "History of Inoshima Pyrethrum")
p.35
Drying pyrethrum
The pyrethrum flowers were spread thinly on a sheet of straw and stirred several times a day to dry them evenly.
p.36
- wheat harvesting
For the people of Sagishima, who had few rice paddies, wheat was not only a cash crop, but also an indispensable daily food. Wheat harvested in fields plowed to the top of the mountain has been produced with great care and joy by the farmers.
Wheat is sown in November and harvested in June of the following year.
During this time, fertilizer is sprinkled and the soil is packed to make the barley stubble.
The "Imozuru" and "Moba" that have been left to grow are also spread and used as fertilizer.
In June, the harvested barley is handled with a thousand teeth and the ears are separated.
The separated ears are then dried on a straw mat, and struck with a pole to remove the wheat's whiskers.
Then, they are shaken with a coarse mesh and applied to a sieve. After that, they were further dried in the sun and stored in kamasu (straw mats).
Harvesting Wheat
p.37
Plucking ears of barley with a thousand teeth
Drying barley (drying in the sun)